European Union and China celebrated fifty years of formal diplomatic relations a milestone marking half a century of strategic, economic, and cultural exchange. Since 1975, this partnership has grown into one of the most influential international relationships, shaping global trade, development, and international governance.
From 1975 to Today – Growth of EU–China Diplomatic Relations
The diplomatic relationship between the European Union then the European Economic Community and the People’s Republic of China officially began in 1975. This partnership, once modest in scope, has since evolved into one of the most significant global relationships, encompassing trade, technology, climate cooperation, education, and multilateral diplomacy.
When diplomatic recognition was first extended nearly five decades ago, few could have anticipated the depth and complexity of the ties that would follow. In the early years, EU-China relations were primarily defined by basic trade and formal diplomatic engagement. In 1975, bilateral trade amounted to a relatively modest US $2.4 billion.
At the time, China was still transitioning from decades of internal revolution and economic restructuring, and Europe was just beginning to explore new political and economic partnerships beyond its traditional allies.
The late 1970s and early 1980s marked a turning point. China’s historic economic reforms under Deng Xiaoping emphasizing modernization, openness, and market liberalization laid the groundwork for global integration.
The EU responded positively to these reforms, encouraging bilateral engagement through trade agreements, cultural exchanges, and joint economic dialogues. This period saw steady expansion in commerce, with trade tripling by the mid-1990s.
Diplomatic Leaders and Government Coordination
To commemorate the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations, high-level messages of goodwill and strategic intent were exchanged between Chinese and European leadership. Chinese President Xi Jinping formally extended his congratulations to Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, and António Costa, President of the European Council.
This symbolic exchange not only highlighted the significance of the milestone but also underscored the ongoing importance both parties place on bilateral cooperation. He characterized both China and the European Union as two major markets that actively support globalization, open economies, and inclusive growth.
More profoundly, he referred to the two regions as two civilizations championing diversity, highlighting their long histories, rich cultural traditions, and the potential to learn from one another in an increasingly interconnected world.
Why the EU–China Partnership Still Matters Globally
Even amid tense geopolitics, the EU and China account for over one-third of global GDP. As major players in shaping global governance, trade norms, climate policies, and economic development, both sides share responsibilities in building a more inclusive, multipolar world. The anniversary provided a moment to reaffirm their commitment to multilateralism and equitable globalization.
