Two years have passed since Niger’s military coup in July 2023, a moment that dramatically shifted the country’s political course and drew international condemnation. The military junta, led by General Abdourahamane Tchiani, ousted the democratically elected President Mohamed Bazoum, citing failures in governance, security, and the economy. Since then, Niger has undergone significant changes across its political, economic, and social landscape changes that continue to reshape its position in West Africa and beyond.
A Shift in Political Power and Governance Structure
Following the coup, the military dissolved democratic institutions, suspended the constitution, and installed the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland as the ruling authority. The junta promised a transition to civilian rule but has so far delayed any firm timeline for elections.
The government has replaced regional governors with military officials and centralized power under military leadership, tightening control over public discourse. Political parties once active under Bazoum’s administration have been restricted or silenced altogether, while media outlets operate under increased censorship.
Foreign Policy Reorientation and a Break from Western Allies
Perhaps one of the most visible transformations has occurred in Niger’s foreign relations. After the coup, the junta cut defense and security ties with France, a long-standing ally and former colonial power. French troops were ordered to leave the country, and the military government expelled the French ambassador.
In their place, Russian military advisors and Wagner Group affiliates have increased their presence, as Niger strengthens defense partnerships with Moscow. At the same time, Niger has joined efforts with neighboring military-led governments in Mali and Burkina Faso to form the Alliance of Sahel States , a security and economic bloc opposed to Western influence and the Economic Community of West African States.
Security Gains in Some Areas, but Human Rights Concerns Persist
The coup leaders promised to restore order and eliminate extremist threats, particularly in the Tillabéri and Diffa regions, where jihadist groups have long operated. Over the past two years, security incidents have declined in some zones, attributed to aggressive military offensives and new international partnerships.
However, human rights organizations report growing concerns over military abuses, arbitrary arrests, and extrajudicial actions. Journalists, opposition figures, and civil society leaders have faced detention or harassment, creating a climate of fear.
Two years after the 2023 coup, Niger finds itself at a pivotal moment. The country has drastically altered its alliances, restructured its political system, and sought greater independence. Yet it remains isolated from global partners, weighed down by economic hardship, and facing an uncertain democratic future.
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